Daniel Terdiman discussed the question “What innovations are most important to world’s future?“.
His conclusion: a cost-effective, massively deployable desalination technology to master the global water crises.
I also recommend you to read the discussion in the comment area of Daniel’s blog entry.
To my mind the generation of “green energy” could be at least as challenging as the difficulties concerning the lack of drinking water. Green in this context means not polluting the environment during the energy generation as well as during the production and disposal of the needed equipment. Well, the ultimate perfection of this technology would be the perpetual motion machine. So we have to search for an asymptotic solution.

